近年来，随着新颖的策略和应用，神经网络一直在迅速扩展。然而，尽管不可避免地会针对关键应用程序来解决这些挑战，例如神经网络技术诸如神经网络技术中仍未解决诸如神经网络技术的挑战。已经尝试通过用符号表示来表示和嵌入域知识来克服神经网络计算中的挑战。因此，出现了神经符号学习（Nesyl）概念，其中结合了符号表示的各个方面，并将常识带入神经网络（Nesyl）。在可解释性，推理和解释性至关重要的领域中，例如视频和图像字幕，提问和推理，健康信息学和基因组学，Nesyl表现出了有希望的结果。这篇综述介绍了一项有关最先进的Nesyl方法的全面调查，其原理，机器和深度学习算法的进步，诸如Opthalmology之类的应用以及最重要的是该新兴领域的未来观点。

了解表格数据的语义含义需要实体链接（EL），以便将每个单元格值与知识库（KB）中的现实世界实体相关联。在这项工作中，我们将重点放在EL的端到端解决方案上，这些解决方案不依赖于目标KB中的事实查找。表格数据包含异质和稀疏上下文，包括列标题，单元格值和表格字幕。我们尝试各种模型，以生成要链接的每个单元格值的向量表示。我们的结果表明，应用注意机制和注意力面罩至关重要，这样模型只能关注最相关的环境并避免信息稀释。最相关的上下文包括：相同的单元格，相同的细胞，标题和标题。然而，计算复杂性随着这种复杂模型的表格数据的大小而倍增。我们通过引入链接Lite模型（Tell）的表格实体来实现恒定的内存使用情况，该模型仅基于其值，表格标题和表格字幕，为单元格生成向量表示。告诉Wikipedia表上的精度达到80.8％，比具有二次内存使用情况的最新模型低0.1％。

基于随机差分方程（SDE）的挥发性可再生能源（RESS）的随机过程模型共同捕获了连续时间的不断变化的概率分布和时间相关性。它已经使最近的研究能够显着提高动力系统动态不确定性量化和优化的性能。然而，考虑到PV的非同质随机过程性质，仍然存在一个具有挑战性的问题：如何获得用于光伏电源的现实和准确的SDE模型，以反映其在线操作中的天气不确定性，特别是在高分辨率数值时天气预报（NWP）对于许多分布式工厂不可用？为了填补这个差距，本文发现，只有使用来自低分辨率公共天气报告的廉价数据，可以构建精确的PV电源SDE模型。具体地，构建每小时参数化的Jacobi扩散过程以在一天内重新创建PV挥发性的时间模式。它的参数使用极端学习机（ELM）的集合来映射到公共天气报告，以反映不同的天气状况。 SDE模型共同捕捉盘流道和陷阱。基于澳门收集的现实数据的统计检验表明，所提出的方法优于一系列最先进的深度学习的时间系列预测方法。

Nine language-vision AI models trained on web scrapes with the Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) objective are evaluated for evidence of a bias studied by psychologists: the sexual objectification of girls and women, which occurs when a person's human characteristics are disregarded and the person is treated as a body or a collection of body parts. A first experiment uses standardized images of women from the Sexual OBjectification and EMotion Database, and finds that, commensurate with prior research in psychology, human characteristics are disassociated from images of objectified women: the model's recognition of emotional state is mediated by whether the subject is fully or partially clothed. Embedding association tests (EATs) return significant effect sizes for both anger (d >.8) and sadness (d >.5). A second experiment measures the effect in a representative application: an automatic image captioner (Antarctic Captions) includes words denoting emotion less than 50% as often for images of partially clothed women than for images of fully clothed women. A third experiment finds that images of female professionals (scientists, doctors, executives) are likely to be associated with sexual descriptions relative to images of male professionals. A fourth experiment shows that a prompt of "a [age] year old girl" generates sexualized images (as determined by an NSFW classifier) up to 73% of the time for VQGAN-CLIP (age 17), and up to 40% of the time for Stable Diffusion (ages 14 and 18); the corresponding rate for boys never surpasses 9%. The evidence indicates that language-vision AI models trained on automatically collected web scrapes learn biases of sexual objectification, which propagate to downstream applications.

Recently, a large number of tuning strategies have been proposed to adapt pre-trained language models to downstream tasks. In this paper, we perform an extensive empirical evaluation of various tuning strategies for multilingual learning, particularly in the context of text summarization. Specifically, we explore the relative advantages of three families of multilingual tuning strategies (a total of five models) and empirically evaluate them for summarization over 45 languages. Experimentally, we not only established a new state-of-the-art on the XL-Sum dataset but also derive a series of observations that hopefully can provide hints for future research on the design of multilingual tuning strategies.

Modern embedding-based metrics for evaluation of generated text generally fall into one of two paradigms: discriminative metrics that are trained to directly predict which outputs are of higher quality according to supervised human annotations, and generative metrics that are trained to evaluate text based on the probabilities of a generative model. Both have their advantages; discriminative metrics are able to directly optimize for the problem of distinguishing between good and bad outputs, while generative metrics can be trained using abundant raw text. In this paper, we present a framework that combines the best of both worlds, using both supervised and unsupervised signals from whatever data we have available. We operationalize this idea by training T5Score, a metric that uses these training signals with mT5 as the backbone. We perform an extensive empirical comparison with other existing metrics on 5 datasets, 19 languages and 280 systems, demonstrating the utility of our method. Experimental results show that: T5Score achieves the best performance on all datasets against existing top-scoring metrics at the segment level. We release our code and models at https://github.com/qinyiwei/T5Score.

Conditional variational models, using either continuous or discrete latent variables, are powerful for open-domain dialogue response generation. However, previous works show that continuous latent variables tend to reduce the coherence of generated responses. In this paper, we also found that discrete latent variables have difficulty capturing more diverse expressions. To tackle these problems, we combine the merits of both continuous and discrete latent variables and propose a Hybrid Latent Variable (HLV) method. Specifically, HLV constrains the global semantics of responses through discrete latent variables and enriches responses with continuous latent variables. Thus, we diversify the generated responses while maintaining relevance and coherence. In addition, we propose Conditional Hybrid Variational Transformer (CHVT) to construct and to utilize HLV with transformers for dialogue generation. Through fine-grained symbolic-level semantic information and additive Gaussian mixing, we construct the distribution of continuous variables, prompting the generation of diverse expressions. Meanwhile, to maintain the relevance and coherence, the discrete latent variable is optimized by self-separation training. Experimental results on two dialogue generation datasets (DailyDialog and Opensubtitles) show that CHVT is superior to traditional transformer-based variational mechanism w.r.t. diversity, relevance and coherence metrics. Moreover, we also demonstrate the benefit of applying HLV to fine-tuning two pre-trained dialogue models (PLATO and BART-base).

Prior work has looked at applying reinforcement learning and imitation learning approaches to autonomous driving scenarios, but either the safety or the efficiency of the algorithm is compromised. With the use of control barrier functions embedded into the reinforcement learning policy, we arrive at safe policies to optimize the performance of the autonomous driving vehicle. However, control barrier functions need a good approximation of the model of the car. We use probabilistic control barrier functions as an estimate of the model uncertainty. The algorithm is implemented as an online version in the CARLA (Dosovitskiy et al., 2017) Simulator and as an offline version on a dataset extracted from the NGSIM Database. The proposed algorithm is not just a safe ramp merging algorithm but a safe autonomous driving algorithm applied to address ramp merging on highways.

Complex dialogue mappings (CDM), including one-to-many and many-to-one mappings, tend to make dialogue models generate incoherent or dull responses, and modeling these mappings remains a huge challenge for neural dialogue systems. To alleviate these problems, methods like introducing external information, reconstructing the optimization function, and manipulating data samples are proposed, while they primarily focus on avoiding training with CDM, inevitably weakening the model's ability of understanding CDM in human conversations and limiting further improvements in model performance. This paper proposes a Sentence Semantic \textbf{Seg}mentation guided \textbf{C}onditional \textbf{V}ariational \textbf{A}uto-\textbf{E}ncoder (SegCVAE) method which can model and take advantages of the CDM data. Specifically, to tackle the incoherent problem caused by one-to-many, SegCVAE uses response-related prominent semantics to constrained the latent variable. To mitigate the non-diverse problem brought by many-to-one, SegCVAE segments multiple prominent semantics to enrich the latent variables. Three novel components, Internal Separation, External Guidance, and Semantic Norms, are proposed to achieve SegCVAE. On dialogue generation tasks, both the automatic and human evaluation results show that SegCVAE achieves new state-of-the-art performance.

Air pollution is a crucial issue affecting human health and livelihoods, as well as one of the barriers to economic and social growth. Forecasting air quality has become an increasingly important endeavor with significant social impacts, especially in emerging countries like China. In this paper, we present a novel Transformer architecture termed AirFormer to collectively predict nationwide air quality in China, with an unprecedented fine spatial granularity covering thousands of locations. AirFormer decouples the learning process into two stages -- 1) a bottom-up deterministic stage that contains two new types of self-attention mechanisms to efficiently learn spatio-temporal representations; 2) a top-down stochastic stage with latent variables to capture the intrinsic uncertainty of air quality data. We evaluate AirFormer with 4-year data from 1,085 stations in the Chinese Mainland. Compared to the state-of-the-art model, AirFormer reduces prediction errors by 5%~8% on 72-hour future predictions. Our source code is available at https://github.com/yoshall/airformer.